IB 11.2 Muscles and Movement

Elaboration of Tasks: 

Task 1

Using assessment statements11.2.1—11.2.4, DESIGN an informational pamphlet or booklet that a physical therapist would give to a patient recovering from knee or elbow surgery to help them understand more about the structure and function of the joints they have just had an operation on and are now having to work with a physical therapist to regain its normal use.  Think about what kinds of things you might want to know if you were the patient recovering from knee or elbow surgery.  Make sure to address fully all Course Guide/syllabus assessment statements.  You will be working in pairs or groups of three for this task.  After viewing all the material, sit together and decide how you want to approach designing your pamphlet.  there are no designated roles for the group, you must:

1. Organize yourself into an effective team based on your "skill set" (strengths and weaknesses") to design your rough draft of the pamphlet. 
   
2. Decide what information you need to put in the pamphlet and what software to use, as a TEAM. 
   
3. Polish up the final product and submit it by the deadline.  Be sure to check the assessment rubric frequently as you work. 
   

You must use the three links posted below.  You may use more than this, but you may not use fewer than the posted links. Make sure to answer any questions asked in the WebQuest that appear with the links. 

11.2.2 Google Images:  Diagram of the Elbow Joint. 

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://hhsibbio09.wikispaces.com/file/view/elbow_joint.jpg/135558039/elbow_joint.jpg&imgrefurl=http://apsolutionsltd.co.uk/ka-labelled-diagram-of-a-human-elbow/&usg=__E5lfkK7ZJZcnUkIzKeEqrt-bvBU=&h=1102&w=1620&sz=1325&hl=en&start=2&zoom=1&tbnid=NXn8wWrh1jZ0bM:&tbnh=102&tbnw=150&ei=75VuUMPzCYO-0QWd_YAo&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddiagram%2Bof%2Bhuman%2Belbow%2Bjoint%26num%3D10%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1162%26bih%3D666%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1

The diagram is not labeled according to conventions in biology.  Evaluate what is incorrect with the labeling of the diagram using what you have learned in class. Re-label the diagram correctly.  

11.2.1, 11.2.3 &11.2.4  Movement of the hip and knee joints:

Notes: Click 4 biology.   http://click4biology.info/c4b/11/hum11.2.htm#4

Video: Compare Movements of the Hip Joint and Knee Joint.    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w4LSWmJnniw

 Question:Is this entirely true for the knee????   For the knee in a weight- bearing position,it functions only as a hinge joint,however the video shows the knee in a non-weight bearing position.  Test this to see if the knee ONLY functions as a hinge joint under non weight-bearing conditions.  What did you find out????? 

Task 2

Using assessment statements 11.2.5—11.2.8, write a magazine article much like what would be found in Scientific American or Discover to explain the structure and function of skeletal muscle to your readers.  Since you work for a very small agency, you are not only the JOURNALIST here, but must take into account all the DESIGN elements of your article and how it will look in its final appearance to the reader (desktop publishing as opposed to word processing).  There is no prescribed word limit or page limit on your article, but it should not be less than three pages, nor should it exceed six pages, inclusive of diagrams and charts. 

1. Determine what your strengths and weaknesses are as a "publishing team" and designate responsibilities based on these attributes.
   
2. After viewing all the material and taking relevant notes, decide how you want your magazine article to "look" and draft it out. 
   
3. Decide what information needs to go in the article, be certain to check the assessment rubric before you begin and as you work. 
   
4. Submit the finished "published" article by the deadline set by your teacher (or according to the grade you want on the rubric). 
   

i-Biology:  Muscles and Contraction.  Select one of the explanation links to follow for the “muscles and contraction” section of the i-Biology website.  Campbell will be the highest-level information link on the list. 

i-Biology website, Muscles and Movement portion of the syllabus for IB:

http://i-biology.net/?s=muscles+and+movement

This site directly addresses the syllabus and the assessment providing a “home base” to return to and double check facts.   The site is organized in much the same way the Biology Course Guide is structured.  

Overview ofmuscle structure and function: set stage for more detailed videos:

Contractionand Relaxation:

This is a three-minute YouTube video showing the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle down to the microscopic structure and explaining in brief summary fashion how the contractile elements interact to cause muscle contraction. It provides a sufficient overview of what will be seen in greater detail in future videos—a sort of visual “abstract”.   

11.2.7 ExplainSkeletal Muscle Contraction.

Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: (part one, neural stimulation)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BoC_G_rNgfI

This YouTube video, again with very good visual animation, focuses on the neural aspect and is a good revision of the nervous system.  Since the same principles are involved, this is a good visual reminder of what needs to be revised before progressing into the muscular system.  It can be viewed as many times as needed to understand the principles at hand. 

Excitation Contraction Coupling: Skeletal Muscle.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pabBd8AuGpw

This slightly longer YouTube video,animated again, gets to the heart of the difficult concept of how nervous system stimulation is coupled to the contraction of skeletal muscle.  This is the next step in the process, what happens between the nervous system activation and muscle contraction? Again,seeing this as many times as needed should help to understand better than reading alone, and the i-Biology website is available to provide any needed reading supplement. 

Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kFmbrRJq4w&feature=endscreen&NR=1

This YouTube animation looks at what happens in the muscle once the stimulus to contract is received—the final step in the sequence of events from stimulation to signal transduction to response.  You, the candidate, are responsible for the details of the mechanism of muscle contraction at the molecular level.  This abstract concept can be viewed in this animation. 

11.2.5  & 11.2.6 Describe the structure of Skeletal Muscle and Draw & Label.

An Introduction to Skeletal Muscle Contraction: Interactive biology.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDvEm9DbXc0&feature=relmfu

These much longer videos serve to“wrap” up what the shorter YouTube videos have presented and provide much more detailed information that is given in both the formal and informal manner so it can be understood readily.  The material is not animated, so it facilitates the draw and label directive.  This will also facilitate the production of the written “article” on muscle structure and function, which should contain a few figures. 

043 The Details of Muscle Contraction: Interactive biology. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0mDFP7qn1Y&feature=related

As above, a much longer video (close to10 minutes) that will provide a good “lecture style” background for the magazine article and the demand to draw and label the structure of the sarcomere. 

11.2.8  click 4 biology. 

http://click4biology.info/c4b/11/hum11.2.htm#8

This image directly addresses the assessment statement in the course guide, and would contribute nicely to a well-written and designed magazine article. 

Task 3

You will need to read about ISOTONIC and ISOMETRIC skeletal muscle contractions to complete the SCIENCE investigation portion of this Web Quest.  Before beginning the virtual experiment on the link posted, you will need to do the background reading and formulate a hypothesis to address the variables being tested (load placed on the muscle in grams, and force of contraction).  Your Independent Lab Report will be part of your IA portfolio and satisfies a computer modeling requirement for the IA.  Please follow any instructions handed out by your teacher on the separate Lab Practical Report Instruction Sheet that accompanies this virtual exercise for the IA. 

Virtual Lab:  Muscle Stimulation. 

http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078757134/383958/BL_21.html

This is a course requirement, and satisfies the "computer modelling" criteria in the IA portfolio (minimum of one is required). 

Pre—Reading: 

You may want to review some of the links above showing how skeletal muscle works before you do this lab exercise so these concepts are clear in your mind before you begin the lab activity.  Key words to look up are the following:  muscle twitch, summation, motor unit, and motor unit recruitment.  Make sure you are clear on the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions. 

Please answer the following questions regarding your results in terms of the key words given in the pre-reading section. 

1.  Based on results of your investigation, what conclusions can you draw about the relationship between a muscle’s workload and its threshold of stimulation?

2.  Why would a muscle’s threshold of stimulus change as its workload changes?

3.  Which muscles were able to contract under the greatest loads?  What does this suggest about the role these muscles play in frog movement?

4.  Describe an experiment you might perform to determine which leg muscles of a frog are important for jumping long distances. 

5.  What are the advantages and disadvantages of performing this experiment in a simulated environment? 

Task 4

The final task is to be ANALYTICAL and evaluate your products (pamphlet, article,lab report) and sources of information.  What were the strengths of each?  Weaknesses? Were some websites more valid sources of information than others?  What criteria are you using to justify your designation of “valid” source?

Here are some links to help you decide how you might go about evaluating sources of information when “surfing”the web:

Evaluating Internet resources; Georgetown University Library:

http://www.library.georgetown.edu/tutorials/research-guides/evaluating-internet-content

Evaluating Internet Research Sources: 

http://www.virtualsalt.com/evalu8it.htm

From the TOK standpoint:

Please utilize the“Source, Statement, Self” (The Three S’s) Rubric from Eileen Dombrowski (ToK,Course Companion) to evaluate your knowledge acquisition.  The rubric is provided in the evaluation section along with the main rubric for task assessment.